趋向补语的引申义 Extension of the Complements of Direction

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结果补语 Complements of Result

HSK 2

一些动词或形容词可以放在动词后边,补充、说明动作的结果,它们叫作结果补语。例如:
Some verbs or adjectives can be used after a verb to add remarks about the result of an action. They are called complements of result. For example:

Subject Predicate
V+Complement of Result Object
看 见 你的女朋友了。
听 懂 今天的汉语课了。
做 好 饭了。
大卫 找 到 工作了。

在结果补语前加“没(有)”表示否定,句尾不能用“了”。例如:
"没(有)" is added before the verb to form the negative form of a complement of result, in which case "了" cannot appear at the end of the sentence. For example:

Subject Predicate
没(有)+V+Complement of result Object
没有 看 见 你的女朋友。
没 听 懂 他说的话。
没 做 完 (考试题)。

表示疑问时,常在句尾加上“(了)没有”。例如:
To form a question, "(了)没有" is often added at the end of the sentence. For example:

Subject Predicate
V+Complement of Result Object+(了)没有?
看 见 我的女朋友了没有?
听 懂 他说的话没有?
(都)做 完 (考试题)了没有?

动量补语“次” The Complement of Frequency "次"

HSK 2

动量补语“次”常放在谓语动词的后边,用来表示动作发生、进行的次数。例如:
The complement of frequency "次" is usually used after the predicate verb, indicating the number of times that an action has taken place. For example:

Subject Predicate
V Num+次 O
我们 三次 电影。
他们 一次 飞机。
(我) (在这个商店)买 一次 (东西)。

宾语是表示地点的名词时,动量补语可以放在宾语前,也可以放在宾语后。例如:
When the object of a verb is a place, the complement of frequency can be put either before or after the object. For example:

Subject Predicate
V Num+次 O
我们 三次 北京。
他们 一次 中国。
(上星期)去 一次 医院。
Subject Predicate
V O Num+次
我们 北京 三次。
他们 中国 一次。
(上星期)去 医院 一次。

宾语是人称代词时,动量补语要放在宾语后。例如:
When the object is a personal pronoun, the complement of frequency should be put after the object. For example:

Subject Predicate
V O Num+次
我们 三次。
他们 一次。
老师 两次。
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