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一些动词或形容词可以放在动词后边,补充、说明动作的结果,它们叫作结果补语。例如:
Some verbs or adjectives can be used after a verb to add remarks about the result of an action. They are called complements of result. For example:
Subject | Predicate | |
---|---|---|
V+Complement of Result | Object | |
我 | 看 见 | 你的女朋友了。 |
我 | 听 懂 | 今天的汉语课了。 |
我 | 做 好 | 饭了。 |
大卫 | 找 到 | 工作了。 |
在结果补语前加“没(有)”表示否定,句尾不能用“了”。例如:
"没(有)" is added before the verb to form the negative form of a complement of result, in which case "了" cannot appear at the end of the sentence. For example:
Subject | Predicate | |
---|---|---|
没(有)+V+Complement of result | Object | |
我 | 没有 看 见 | 你的女朋友。 |
我 | 没 听 懂 | 他说的话。 |
我 | 没 做 完 | (考试题)。 |
表示疑问时,常在句尾加上“(了)没有”。例如:
To form a question, "(了)没有" is often added at the end of the sentence. For example:
Subject | Predicate | |
---|---|---|
V+Complement of Result | Object+(了)没有? | |
你 | 看 见 | 我的女朋友了没有? |
你 | 听 懂 | 他说的话没有? |
你 | (都)做 完 | (考试题)了没有? |
动量补语“次”常放在谓语动词的后边,用来表示动作发生、进行的次数。例如:
The complement of frequency "次" is usually used after the predicate verb, indicating the number of times that an action has taken place. For example:
Subject | Predicate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
V | 过 | Num+次 | O | |
我们 | 看 | 过 | 三次 | 电影。 |
他们 | 坐 | 过 | 一次 | 飞机。 |
(我) | (在这个商店)买 | 过 | 一次 | (东西)。 |
宾语是表示地点的名词时,动量补语可以放在宾语前,也可以放在宾语后。例如:
When the object of a verb is a place, the complement of frequency can be put either before or after the object. For example:
Subject | Predicate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
V | 过 | Num+次 | O | |
我们 | 去 | 过 | 三次 | 北京。 |
他们 | 来 | 过 | 一次 | 中国。 |
我 | (上星期)去 | 过 | 一次 | 医院。 |
Subject | Predicate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
V | 过 | O | Num+次 | |
我们 | 去 | 过 | 北京 | 三次。 |
他们 | 来 | 过 | 中国 | 一次。 |
我 | (上星期)去 | 过 | 医院 | 一次。 |
宾语是人称代词时,动量补语要放在宾语后。例如:
When the object is a personal pronoun, the complement of frequency should be put after the object. For example:
Subject | Predicate | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
V | 过 | O | Num+次 | |
我们 | 找 | 过 | 他 | 三次。 |
他们 | 看 | 过 | 我 | 一次。 |
老师 | 叫 | 过 | 我 | 两次。 |
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