“有”字句:表示存在 | The "有" Sentence: indicating existence

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“有”字句:表示存在 | The "有" Sentence: indicating existence

HSK 1

动词“有”可以用于表示存在的句子中,表示某个处所或者位置存在什么。例如:
The verb "有" can be used in an existential sentence to indicate a person or thing exists somewhere. For example:

Word of Locality Person/Thing Existing
椅子下面 一只小狗。
学校里 一个商店。
桌子上 一个电脑和一本书。

“有”字句的否定形式是“没有”,同时宾语前不能带数量定语。例如:
In the negative form of a "有" sentence, "没有" is used without a numeral classifier before the object. For example:

  • 椅子下面没有小狗。
  • 学校里没有商店。
  • 桌子上没有电脑和书。

“比”字句(1) The "比" Sentence (1)

HSK 2

用“比”表示比较的句子叫“比”字句。“比”字句的谓语可以是形容词。例如:
A "比" sentence is a sentence using "比" to make a comparison. The predicate of the sentence can be an adjective. For example:

A B Adj
哥哥 姐姐 高。
今天 昨天 热。
(今天的西瓜) 昨天 便宜。

“比”字句的否定形式可以用“A没有B……”表示。例如:
"A没有B……" is the negative form of a "比" sentence. For example:

A 没有 B Adj
哥哥 没有 姐姐 高。
今天 没有 昨天 热。
西瓜 没有 苹果 便宜。

要表达事务之间的差别时,用具体数量表示具体差别,用“一点儿”“一些”表示差别不大,用“多”“得多”表示差别大。例如:
When describing the difference between things, a specific number is used to specify the difference, "一点儿" or "一些" indicates the difference is slight, and "多" or "得多" indicates the difference is significant. For example:

A B Adj 数量短语(Num-M)
西瓜 苹果 两块钱。
我的学习 一点儿。
今天 昨天 得多。
我们老师 两岁。
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